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Fashion In The EU, In Numbers
Summer clothing, winter clothing, bags and accessories: each season has its own calendar. Workshops and shops as Eurostat measures them, then the month when each family is searched for most on Google.
Clothing Manufacturing
NACE code 14
Manufacture of wearing apparel
133,840companies in the EU
Eurostat publishes no final figure for this country.
5.2 people per company on average
€73.7 billion in turnover
Clothing Shops
NACE code 47.71
Retail sale of clothing in specialised stores
242,385companies in the EU
Eurostat publishes no final figure for this country.
5.7 people per company on average
€205.8 billion in turnover
Source: Eurostat, enterprises by NACE activity (dataset sbs_ovw_act), EU-27, NACE codes 14 and 47.71, 2024 data updated on 30 September 2026.See the raw data. People per company: calculated from the number of people employed and the number of companies published by Eurostat.
Source: US Census Bureau, Economic Census 2022 (dataset ecnbasic), United States, establishments with paid employees, NAICS codes 315 and 4581, 2022 data updated on 24 October 2023. An establishment is a single site: a company with 3 sites counts 3 times. See the table. Employees per establishment: calculated from the number of employees and of establishments published by the US Census Bureau. Each card uses the North American classification code or codes whose official title matches its NACE code; where there is no exact match, the card says so.
Source: Statistics Canada, Canadian Business Counts, with and without employees, June 2026, Canada, NAICS codes 315 and 4581, released on 14 August 2026. Statistics Canada counts locations: a company with 10 stores and a head office counts 11 times. Without employees, only locations that are incorporated or earn more than C$30,000 in business revenue are counted. See the tables with employees and without employees. Each card uses the North American classification code or codes whose official title matches its NACE code; where there is no exact match, the card says so.
Source: INEGI, National Statistical Directory of Economic Units (DENUE) 05/2026, Mexico, active establishments except agriculture, SCIAN codes 315 and 4632 (SCIAN Mexico 2023), released on 20 May 2026. DENUE counts establishments with premises, homes included: a trade carried out at the customer's site with no premises of its own (painter, plumber) or by street vendors is left out, as are rural localities under 2,500 inhabitants. People employed include the owner. See the methodology. Each card uses the North American classification code or codes whose official title matches its NACE code; where there is no exact match, the card says so.
Source: e-Stat, 2021 Economic Census for Business Activity, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, Japan, privately owned establishments as of 1 June 2021, JSIC codes 116, 117, 118, 572, 573 and 5792 (Japan Standard Industrial Classification, revision 13), data updated on 30 September 2026. Retail trade: 4-digit table, which only counts establishments that sold goods, sales for the year 2020. An establishment is a single site: a company with 3 sites counts 3 times. People engaged include owners. See the tables all industries and retail trade. People per establishment: calculated from the number of people engaged and of establishments published by e-Stat. Each card uses the Japanese classification code or codes whose official title matches its NACE code; where there is no exact match, the card says so.
Source: Nomis, UK Business Counts (extract from the Inter-Departmental Business Register), United Kingdom, enterprises and local units live in March 2026, SIC 2007 codes 14 and 4771 (UK classification, identical to NACE down to 4 digits), data updated on 24 September 2026, retrieved on 16 October 2026. The register only counts businesses registered for VAT or PAYE. A local unit is a site: a company with 3 sites counts 3 local units. See the tables enterprises and local units. Data source: Office for National Statistics, licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.
Source: SingStat, Annual services and manufacturing statistics, Singapore, establishments 2024, SSIC codes 14 and 47711/47712 (Singapore Standard Industrial Classification 2025), data updated on 10 February 2026 and 4 March 2026, retrieved on 16 October 2026. An establishment is a site: a company with 3 sites counts 3 times. Own-account workers (hawkers, stall holders, freelancers, taxi drivers) are not counted. See the tables manufacturing and services. Each card uses the Singapore classification line or lines whose official title fits entirely within its NACE code; where there is no exact match, the card says so. Contains information from “Manufacturing Establishments By Industry, Annual” and “Key Indicators By Detailed Industry In All Services Industries, Annual” accessed on 16 October 2026 from the Singapore Department of Statistics, which is made available under the terms of the Singapore Open Data Licence version 1.0.
Source: OECD, Structural Business Statistics (SDBS), South Korea, establishments (local units), ISIC code 14 (United Nations international classification, revision 4), 2022 data retrieved on 16 October 2026. An establishment is a single site: a company with 3 sites counts 3 times. A figure the OECD flags as estimated or imputed is left out: the card then says there is no final figure. See the table, see the raw data. People per establishment: calculated from the number of people employed and of establishments published by the OECD. Each card uses the international classification (ISIC) code or codes that match its NACE code exactly, NACE being derived from ISIC; where there is no exact match, the card says so. Official ISIC titles: United Nations Statistics Division.
The Google Search Calendar
Index 100 = the most searched month of each line. Searches in the United Kingdom, in English, from October 2025 to September 2026.
Summer Clothing
Winter Clothing
Bags And Accessories
100500
Winter ClothingSummer ClothingBags And Accessories
OctNovDecJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSep
Most searched month: summer clothing in June, winter clothing in November, bags and accessories in August. Winter Clothing: November brings 14.1 times the searches of June.
Source: Google Ads Keyword Planner, monthly search volumes in the United Kingdom, in English, from October 2025 to September 2026, retrieved on 15 October 2026 from Théo Maupilé's Google Ads account. Searches measured: “swimsuit”, “swimwear”, “summer dresses”, “sandals”, “winter coats”, “puffer jacket”, “womens coats”, “ankle boots”, “handbags”, “costume jewellery”, “crossbody bag” and “tote bag”. Method: each line adds up its searches, then takes the value 100 in its highest month. Google rounds the volumes it returns: the line shows the rhythm of demand, not an exact volume.
See the chart data
Month
Summer Clothing
Winter Clothing
Bags And Accessories
October 2025
25
80
65
November 2025
20
100
87
December 2025
21
68
87
January 2026
39
51
66
February 2026
37
28
55
March 2026
52
19
66
April 2026
64
11
63
May 2026
96
9
63
June 2026
100
7
61
July 2026
85
9
74
August 2026
50
30
100
September 2026
29
56
76
The Price Of A Click At The Top Of Google
What advertisers paid to appear at the top of the results, for the most searched query of each line, in the United Kingdom.
Summer Clothing “summer dresses”€0.25 to €1.34
Winter Clothing “womens coats”€0.22 to €0.76
Bags And Accessories “tote bag”€0.25 to €1.75
Source: Google Ads Keyword Planner, top of page bid, low range and high range, in euros, in the United Kingdom, retrieved on 15 October 2026 from Théo Maupilé's Google Ads account. According to Google, the range runs from the 20th to the 80th bid out of 100: about 6 bids in 10 fall between the two amounts. It is an observed range, not a price list: the price of each click is set in an auction.
Let's Discuss Your Challenges!
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Fashion Brands · United Kingdom
Where Is Your Audience?
Your audience moves from one app to the next within the same day: they search on Google, watch YouTube, browse Discover and Gmail, scroll Instagram and Facebook, ask ChatGPT for advice. Tap an app to see where your ad meets them, and what the ad platforms measure in your industry.
Your audienceFashion BrandsUnited Kingdom · 9 apps · 5 moments
GGoogleIllustration
winter coats
SponsoredYYour brandNew Collection · Your BrandTracked delivery and returns. Discover this season’s coats.
SGoogle ShoppingIllustration
winter coats
Sponsored
Long wool coatYour brand
Leather handbagYour brand
YYouTubeIllustration
The winter collection has landedAd · Your brand
Up nextThree outfits with one coat
SponsoredNew Collection · Your Brand
DDiscoverIllustration
The winter collection has landed
YYour brand · SponsoredNew Collection · Your Brand
MGmailIllustration
YSponsoredYour brandNew Collection · Your BrandTracked delivery and returns. Discover this season’s coats.
WWebsites and appsIllustration
The winter collection has landedYYour brandLearn more
FFacebookIllustration
YYour brandSponsored
Tracked delivery and returns. Discover this season’s coats.
The winter collection has landed
New Collection · Your BrandLearn more
IInstagramIllustration
YYour brandSponsored
The winter collection has landed
Learn more→
CChatGPTIllustration
how do I choose a coat that is warm but light?
Here are the points to compare before you choose, based on your situation.
SponsoredYYour brandNew Collection · Your BrandTracked delivery and returns. Discover this season’s coats.
Searchinggoogle.com · Google app
GGoogle
They type their need in their own words. This is when intent is at its clearest: your ad answers a question they have just asked.
27,100searches a month for “winter coats”, in the UK
Searches a month in your industry, in the UK
“winter coats”27,100
“swimsuit”40,500
“handbags”74,000
Source: Google Keyword Planner, searches in the United Kingdom, in English, monthly average from October 2025 to September 2026, estimated and rounded by Google, pulled on 15 October 2026.
They know what they want and compare before clicking. Your product shows with its image and details, pulled from the feed you send to Merchant Center.
4placements for a Shopping campaign: the Shopping tab, Google Search, Google Images and partner websites, if your campaign includes them
In Your Industry
For retail, Google puts Shopping first: your products go through a Merchant Center feed, and the more specific that feed, the better your ads match the interests of the people searching.
They watch a video they chose. Your ad plays before or during that video, or shows up in their suggestions: your brand gets known before the need is put into words.
6 sthe bumper format: a short message your audience sees in full
They browse the feed of articles and videos the Google app suggests. Your ad slips in as one card among the others: they discover your offer before they even look for it.
3 feedsa single Demand Gen campaign places your ad in Discover, in Gmail and in YouTube’s feeds
They read an article or use an app. Your banner shows next to the content: your brand stays top of mind, and people who already visited your site see you again.
Millionsof websites and apps where a Display campaign can show your ad, on top of YouTube
They catch up with friends, groups and their local area. Your ad slots into that feed, or into Marketplace when they look for something nearby.
35.2 to 41.5 millionpeople aged 18 and over reachable in the UK on Facebook
The whole country’s audience, platform by platform
Instagram31.1 to 36.6 million
Facebook35.2 to 41.5 million
Source: Meta, audience size estimate from the Marketing API, one platform at a time (reach optimisation), aged 18 and over, United Kingdom, pulled on 16 October 2026. A Meta estimate, best read as an order of magnitude.
They scroll their feed, stories and reels to unwind. The image takes the first step: your offer gets discovered here, and people who already visited your site find you again.
31.1 to 36.6 millionpeople aged 18 and over reachable in the UK on Instagram
The whole country’s audience, platform by platform
Instagram31.1 to 36.6 million
Facebook35.2 to 41.5 million
Source: Meta, audience size estimate from the Marketing API, one platform at a time (reach optimisation), aged 18 and over, United Kingdom, pulled on 16 October 2026. A Meta estimate, best read as an order of magnitude.
They ask their question and read a full answer. The ad appears below that answer when the topic of the conversation matches what you offer: the need is already detailed, constraints included.
31European countries in the expansion announced by OpenAI, France and Spain included
I'm Théo, a freelance Paid Media specialist with 100+ clients on Google Ads & Meta Ads. For an online fashion accessories shop, I set up the Google Ads account. In fashion, one item comes in several sizes and colours, each variant has its own stock and each colour its own photo, and each season brings a new collection. My standard: a product feed that is right for every variant, compliant sale prices, and tracking that removes returns from the value of sales. I work directly with you.
The 3 Paid Media Projects For Fashion Brands
A Collection, Then Its Sales
Each collection sells first at full price, then on sale. In France, an item on sale must have been offered for sale and paid for at least one month before the sales start, and the word "soldes" (sales) is reserved for the two legal sales periods of the year (Commercial Code, Article L310-3). From one markdown to the next, the previous price shown stays the one before the first reduction (Consumer Code, Article L112-1-1).
One Item, Many Sizes And Colours
A dress in four sizes and three colours makes twelve products in your feed, each with its own stock. For clothing shown in ads in the UK or France, Google requires the colour, size, gender and age group of each product in Merchant Center. At Meta, each variant keeps the photo and the link of its own colour.
Sizes That Come Back
Online, a customer can order shoes in several sizes and return the ones that don't fit: this is the example the Google Ads help uses for partial returns. The order of the day and the sale kept are two different numbers, so campaigns are run on what remains once returns are taken out.
The Method, Applied To Fashion
1
Audit Of Your Collections And Seasons
Your collections, your best sellers, the real searches for your items and the calendar of your sales, season by season.
2
A Precise Product Feed
Each size and each colour sent as a variant, with its photo, its stock and its dated sale price, in Merchant Center and in the Meta catalogue.
3
Visuals For Every Collection
Shopping and Performance Max for people looking for an item, Meta in photos and video to present the new collection, with a catalogue that removes sold-out items from ads on its own.
4
Managed On The Sales Kept
Returns taken out of the value of orders in Google Ads, so the budget follows the items your customers keep.
They Make Fashion, I Build Their Campaigns
★★★★★
J'ai récemment fait appel à Théo pour la mise en place de mon compte Google Ads et je ne peux que le recommander vivement. Dès le début, il a su faire preuve d'un professionnalisme remarquable. Il a pris le temps d'écouter mes besoins et de comprendre les spécificités de mon projet.
Before the peak: the calendar above shows that in the UK, summer clothing is searched most in June, winter clothing in November, and bags and accessories in August. I recommend putting the collection online in Merchant Center and in the Meta catalogue a few weeks before, photos included, then ramping up until the peak. Sales come next: in France on dates set by ministerial order, in Spain in the periods each retailer chooses.
Can My Sale Prices Show On Google Shopping?
Yes, when your product page shows both prices. In the UK, France and Spain, Google asks for a discount of more than 5% and less than 90%, on a base price valid for 30 days within the past 200 days, and it does not guarantee the display. I prefer to keep the base price in the feed and send the sale price with its effective dates, so the crossed-out price follows the calendar of your sales.
How Do You Account For Returns?
Google Ads lets you retract the conversion of an order that was returned, or reduce its value when only part of it comes back. The adjustment is uploaded with a file or through the API, with the order ID. These adjustments change the conversion value and ROAS bidding: the budget then follows the items your customers keep. My recommendation is to send them at the same pace as your logistics records the returns.
Can My Ads Talk About A Factory Shop Or A Clearance Sale?
It depends on the country and on whether you make your items. In France, the name "magasin d'usine" (factory shop) is reserved for producers who sell directly to the public the part of their production not sold through their distribution channel, or returned, and only from the previous season (Commercial Code, Article L310-4). In Spain, a "venta de saldos" (clearance sale) is for products whose market value has clearly dropped because of damage, defects, disuse or obsolescence, and being a production or season surplus is not enough on its own (Ley 7/1996, Article 28). For end-of-season stock, I build the ads around the reduced price shown next to the previous price.
What Happens After You Click
1
7 Questions
A short form: your website, your budget, your goal. Two minutes is all it takes.
2
A 20-Min Call
You walk me through what has already been done, your goals and your challenges. Then we look at how we can work together.
3
Your Access And My Onboarding
You give me access to your accounts, and I send you my onboarding document to go into the detail of your business, your market and your positioning.
4
Building Your Strategy
We start building your strategy from everything you have shared with me.
5
Our Day-To-Day Communication
I adapt to your team's tools: Slack, Microsoft Teams, Gmail or Google Chat for the roadmap and project follow-up. WhatsApp is kept for urgent requests.
Slack
Microsoft Teams
Gmail
Google Chat
WhatsApp
Let's Talk About Your Collections
You walk me through what has already been done, your goals and your challenges. Then we look at how we can work together.